Arte ≠ Vida
A Chronology of Actions by Artists of the Americas, 1960–2000
Intro
A Chronology of Actions by Artists of the Americas, 1960–2000
Deborah Cullen | Museo del Barrio
This chronology first appeared in the exhibition catalog Arte ≠ Vida: Actions by Artists of the Americas 1960–2000 (New York: El Museo Del Barrio, 2008). It was compiled from: an original timeline created by Deborah Cullen, curator, for the exhibition Arte ≠ Vida (New York: Museo del Barrio, 18 January–31 May, 2008; No lo llames performance, curated by Paco Barragán and Deborah Cullen (New York: El Museo del Barrio, August 18–November 7, 2004); the checklist of works included in the exhibition, Arte ≠ Vida: Actions by Artists of the Americas, 1960–2000, curated by Deborah Cullen (New York: El Museo del Barrio, January 31–May 18, 2008); interviews and conversations with artists and colleagues; individual artist’s archives at El Museo del Barrio and publications in El Museo’s library related to these artists and movements; the contents of the essays included in the publication Arte ≠ Vida, and from several important printed sources. In particular, we note the following: the proceedings from the Primer Coloquio Latinoamericano de Arte No-Objetual (1981); and the books, Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object 1949–1979 (Los Angeles, CA: The Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998), Corpus Delecti: Performance Art of the Americas (London: Routledge, 2000), Inverted Utopias: Avant-Garde Art in Latin America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), The Age of Discrepancies: Art and Visual Culture in Mexico, 1968–1997 (México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2006); Killing Time: An Exhibition of Cuban Artists from the 1980s to the Present (New York: Exit Art, 2008); and Beginning With a Bang! From Confrontation to Intimacy: An Exhibition of Argentine Contemporary Artists, 1960–2007 (New York: Americas Society, 2007). Please consult the bibliography of Arte ≠ Vida for additional and full citations. While efforts have been made to be as inclusive as possible, due to space limitations, all works by all artists have not been included, but rather a curated selection of works, highlighting the earlier gestures, have been noted. Equally, brief mentions of key events are cited as reference points. Numerous additional works and events could be incorporated into an entirely different project.
Una cronología de acciones por aristas de las Américas, 1960–2000
Esta cronología apareció primero como parte del catálogo de la exhibición Arte ≠ Vida: Acciones por artistas de las Américas, 1960-2000 (Nueva York: El Museo Del Barrio, 2008). La información que aparece en la cronología fue recopilada de las siguientes fuentes: la línea de tiempo creada por la curadora Deborah Cullen para la exhibición original de Arte ≠ Vida (Nueva York: El Museo del Barrio, del 18 de enero al 31 de mayo del 2008); la exhibición No lo llames performance, curada por Paco Barragán y Deborah Cullen (Nueva York: El Museo del Barrio, del 18 de agosto al 7 de noviembre del 2004); la lista de obras incluida en la exhibición original de Arte ≠ Vida; entrevistas y conversaciones con artistas y colegas; los archivos de artistas individuales de El Museo del Barrio y publicaciones en la biblioteca de El Museo relacionadas a estos artistas y movimientos artísticos; el contenido de los ensayos incluidos en el libro Arte ≠ Vida y varias otras fuentes impresas. Entre las fuentes utilizadas, se encuentran el Primer Coloquio Latinoamericano de Arte No-Objetual (1981); y los libros Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object 1949–1979 (Los Angeles, CA: The Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998), Corpus Delecti: Performance Art of the Americas (London: Routledge, 2000), Inverted Utopias: Avant-Garde Art in Latin America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), The Age of Discrepancies: Art and Visual Culture in Mexico, 1968–1997 (México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2006); Killing Time: An Exhibition of Cuban Artists from the 1980s to the Present (New York: Exit Art, 2008); and Beginning With a Bang! From Confrontation to Intimacy: An Exhibition of Argentine Contemporary Artists, 1960–2007 (New York: Americas Society, 2007). Favor consultar la bibliografía de Arte ≠ Vida para referencias adicionales y completas. Aunque se ha intentado ser lo más inclusivo posible, debido a límites de espacio no se escogieron obras de todos los artistas y se optó por presentar una selección curada de las obras, enfatizando las acciones y performances más tempranas. De igual modo, la cronología incluye breves puntos de referencia sobre eventos históricos de importancia. Podrían incluirse numerosas obras y eventos adicionales en lo que sería un proyecto completamente distinto.
Uma Cronologia de Ações por Artistas das Américas, 1960–2000
Esta cronologia apareceu primeiramente no catálogo da exibição Arte ≠ Vida: Ações por Artistas das Américas 1960–2000 (Nova Iorque: Museo del Barrio, 2008). Ela foi compilada a partir: de um calendário original criado por Deborah Cullen, curadora, para a exibição Arte ≠ Vida (Nova Iorque: Museo del Barrio, 18 de janeiro – 31 de maio de 2008); da obra No lo llames performance, cujos curadores foram Paco Barragán e Deborah Cullen (Nova Iorque: Museo del Barrio, 18 de agosto – 7 de novembro de 2004); do rol de trabalhos incluídos na exibição Arte ≠ Vida: Ações por Artistas das Américas, 1960–2000, da qual Deborah Cullen foi a curadora (Nova Iorque: Museo del Barrio, 31 de janeiro – 18 de maio de 2008); de entrevistas e conversas com artistas e colegas; de arquivos de artistas individuais no Museo del Barrio e de publicações na biblioteca do Museo del Barrio relacionadas a esses artistas e movimentos; dos conteúdos dos ensaios incluídos na publicação Arte ≠ Vida e a partir de várias fontes impressas importantes. Em particular, observamos o seguinte: os procedimentos do “Primer Coloquio Latinoamericano de Arte No-Objetual” (1981) e os livros: Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object 1949–1979 (Los Angeles, CA: The Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998); Corpus Delecti: Performance Art of the Americas (Londres: Routledge, 2000); Inverted Utopias: Avant-Garde Art in Latin America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004); The Age of Discrepancies: Art and Visual Culture in Mexico, 1968–1997 (México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2006); Killing Time: An Exhibition of Cuban Artists from the 1980s to the Present (Nova Iorque: Exit Art, 2008); e Beginning With a Bang! From Confrontation to Intimacy: An Exhibition of Argentine Contemporary Artists, 1960–2007 (Nova Iorque: Americas Society, 2007). Favor consultar a bibliografia de Arte ≠ Vida para citações adicionais e completas. Apesar de todo o esforço no sentido de ser o mais inclusivos possível, em decorrência de limitações espaciais, não foram incluídos todos os trabalhos de todos os artistas, mas consta uma seleção de trabalhos, feita por meio de uma curadoria, destacando os gestos anteriores. Igualmente, breve menções de eventos chave são citadas como ponto de referência. Vários outros trabalhos e eventos poderiam ser incorporados em um projeto completamente diferente.
1957
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
“Destructivism: A Manifesto” (1957–1962)
New York City, U.S.
1958
Alfredo Stroessner becomes President of Paraguay, remaining until 1988. Under his government, up to 3,000 people were kidnapped, tortured and assassinated.
1959
The Cuban Revolution triumphs and Fidel Castro becomes Prime Minister, initiating, as he has called it, the "Dictatorship of the Proletariat"
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
first “destructions” (1959–1961)
New York City, U.S.
1960
Alberto Greco
street actions: flyers and posters announce, “Greco, que grande sos” (“Greco, How Great You Are”)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1961
The U.S. breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba.
U.S.-supported Cuban exiles attempt and fail in the Bay of Pigs invasion on Cuba.
The U.S.-supported dictator of the Dominican Republic, Rafael Trujillo, is assassinated.
U.S. President John F. Kennedy's "Alliance for Progress" program (1961-1969) seeks economic cooperation between North and South America, reform and development.
In Germany, the Berlin wall is erected, dividing East from West.
El Techo de la Ballena
Para la Restitución del Magma (For the Restitution of Magma)
March
Caracas, Venezuela
El Techo de la Ballena
Homenaje a la cursilería (Homage to Schmaltz)
June
Garage, El Conde Caracas, Venezuela
Arte Destructivo (Destruction Art) exhibition
Conceived by Kenneth Kemble with Enrique Barilari, Jorge López Anaya, Jorge Roiger, Antonio Seguí, Silvia Torras and Luis Alberto Wells
Statements by Kenneth Kemble and Aldo Pellegrini are published
November 20–30
Galería Lirolay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
El Techo de la Ballena
With poem by Caopolicán Ovalles
¿Duerme Usted Señor Presidente? (Are You Asleep, Mr. President? )
Caracas, Venezuela
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
Archaeological Finds (1961–1967)
New York City, U.S.
Alejandro Jodorowsky, Fernando Arrabal, and Roland Topor
The Panic Movement Ephemeral Shows (1961–1964)
Paris, France and Mexico City, Mexico
1962
Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago become independent.
The U.S.S.R. proposes building missile bases in Cuba, precipitating the "Cuban Missile Crisis". The U.S. blockades the island.
GRAV
Instabilité (Instability)
Maison des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France; Galerie du Groupe N. Padova, Italy; Galerie Danese, Milan, Italy; The Contemporaries Gallery, 992 Madison Avenue, New York City, U.S.; later travels to Belgium, Brazil, and Argentina
Alberto Greco
Primera exposición de Arte Vivo (First Exhibition of Living Art)
March 12
Paris, France
Alberto Greco
Non-invitational action outside exhibition, Alberto Greco, obra de arte fuera de catálogo (Alberto Greco, work of art outside the catalogue)
Greco is signed by Yves Klein; then he signs a beggar and a duchess with Klein’s pen
March 13
Exhibition, Antagonismes 2. L’Objet Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, France
Alberto Greco
First Vivo-Dito (Living Finger)
Paris, France
Alberto Greco
Manifesto Vivo-Dito
First version in Italian; Genoa, Italy
Annotated and corrected on successive occasions including Piedralaves, Ávila, Spain, 1963
Silvano Lora
Founds Grupo Arte y Liberación (Art and Liberation Group)
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
El Techo de la Ballena
El Homenaje a la Necrofilia (Homage to Necrophilia)
November
Caracas, Venezuela
1963
U.S. President John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
In Uruguay, the National Liberation Movement (Tupamaros), a guerrilla resistance group, forms.
Marta Minujín
Exhibits works with Lourdes Castro and Alejandro Otero and then presents action with collaborators Eric Beynom, Lourdes Castro, Christo, Robert Rilliou, Eli Charles Flaman, Paul Gette, and Manuel Hernández. Jean-Jacques Lebel attends, among others.
La Destrucción (Destruction)
June 8
Impasse Ronsin (lent by Larry Rivers, Jean Tinguely, and Niki de Saint-Phalle)
Paris, France
Alberto Greco
Un momento de Vivo-Dito: Viaje de Pie en Metro de Sol a Lavapiés (A Moment of Living Finger Art: Journey on Foot in the Metro from Sol to Lavapiés)
October
Subway, Madrid, Spain
Alberto Greco
Autorretrato Vivo-Dito (Self-Portrait Vito-Dito)
Piedralaves, Ávila, Spain
Lygia Clark
Caminhando (Walking)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Marta Minujín
Leyendo las noticias en el Río de la Plata (Reading the News in the Plata River)
Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Alejandro Jodorowsky
Canto al océano (Song to the Ocean)
At the unveiling of a mural by Manuel Felguérez
Deportivo Bahía recreation center, Mexico City, Mexico
Juan José Gurrola with Juan Vicente Melo, Juan García Ponce and Carlos Monsiváis
Jazz Palabra (Jazz Word)
Mexico City, Mexico
1964
The U.S. sends troups to Dominican Republic.
Brazilian President João Goulart is overthrown by the military. Humberto de Alencar Castelo becomes President in a military coup, building the foundation for the anti-democratic governments that follow: Marshal Artur da Costa e Silva (1967-1969) and General Emílio Garrastazú Médici (1969-1974), who torture, assassinate, and disappear opponents. According to some, the (incomplete) number of disappearances was 144.
Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison in South Africa.
Alejandro Jodorowsky
Efímero de San Carlos (Ephemeral Work, San Carlos)
April
Mexico City, Mexico
Alberto Greco
Mi Madrid Querido (My Beloved Madrid)
December 9
Galería Bonino and Plaza San Martín
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marta Minujín
Cabalgata (Cavalcade)
TV Channel 7
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hélio Oiticica
Parangolés (1964–1968)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
GRAV
Labyrinth
Happening with other artists
Paris, France
Juan José Gurrola
Duelo de flashes (Duel of Flashes)
Bar Los Lobos, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
1965
Demonstrations against voter-registration rules occur in Selma, Alabama, leading to the Civil Rights struggle.
Riots break out in the Watts section of Los Angeles.
U.S. forces, fearing a communist takeover, occupy the Dominican Republic.
The Vietnam war begins.
GRAV
Labyrinthe 3, New York
February 16–March 6
The Contemporaries Gallery, 992 Madison Avenue, New York City, U.S.;
Biennale de Paris, France
Marta Minujín and Rubén Santantonín
With Pablo Suárez, David Lamelas, Rodolfo Prayón, Floreal Amor, and Leopoldo Maler
La Menesunda (The Drug on the Market)
May
Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marta Minujín
Suceso Plástico (Fine Arts Event)
July 25
Estadio de Peñarol de Montevideo, Uruguay
Hélio Oiticica
Parangolés
debuted by Magueira School of Samba dancers
Exhibition opening, Opinão 65
August 12
Museu de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
El Techo de la Ballena
Protesta por la Exposición Salón Pegaso (Protest of the Pegasus Salon Exhibition)
October
Caracas, Venezuela
Alejandro Jodorowsky
Hacia el efímero pánico o ¡sacar al teatro del teatro! (Making an Ephemeral Panic, or Take the Theatre out of Theatre!)
Manifesto
Mexico City, Mexico
La Muerte (Death)
With Dalila Puzzovio, Rubén Santantonín, Zulema Ciordia, Delia Cancela, David Meseiean, Carlos Squirru, Edgardo Giménez and Antonio Berni
Galería Lirolay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Microevents
With Marilú Marini, Edgardo Giménez, Alfredo Rodríguez Arias and Miguel Ángel Rondano
Teatro La Recova, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Jorge Bonino
Bonino aclara ciertas dudas (Bonino Clarifies Some Doubts)
Córdoba, Argentina
Arman, with Robert Filliou and Daniel Spoerri
And including Ayo, George Brecht, Christo, William Copely, Allan Kaprow, Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, Dieter Roth, Niki de Saint Phalle and Andy Warhol and Alberto Greco
Artist Key Club’s Locker Lottery and Alberto Greco, Rifa Vito-Dito
Grand Central Station, New York City, U.S.
Rolando Peña
With José Ignacio Cabrujas and Domingo Alvarez
Homenaje a Miller (Homage to Miller)
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
El Teatro Campesino
forms, led by Luis Valdez
First play for United Farmworkers Union
Delano, California, U.S.
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
Destruction Ritual Realizations (1965–1970)
New York City, U.S.
1966
Guatemalan death squads begin forced disappearances under the government of Julio Cesar Méndez Montenegro. To the present, 38,000 cases have been documented.
Mao Zedong launches the Cultural Revolution in China.
Marta Minujín
El Batacazo (The Long Shot)
February 6
Bianchini Gallery, New York, U.S. (previously exhibited at Instituto Torcuato Di Tella Buenos Aires, Argentina)
GRAV
A Day in the Street
Tuesday, April 19, 8 am–11 pm
Paris, France
Teresa Trujillo
Liquidación de una platea (Clearance of the Orchestra)
Monday, August 15
Teatro Circular
Montevideo, Uruguay
Arte de los Medios (Art of the Mass Media)
(Roberto Jacoby, Eduardo Costa, Raúl Escari)
Primera obra de arte de los medios: Happening para un jabalí difunto (First Work of Art of the Mass Media: Happening for a Deceased Boar)
El Mundo newspaper
Sunday, August 21
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
Piano Destruction Concert
August
for BBC TV, London, England
DIAS 1966 (Destruction in Art Symposium )
August 31–September 30
Africa Center, London, England
DIAS Destruction in Art Symposium
September 9–11
Africa Center, London, England
Participants include Gustav Metzger and John Sharkey (organizers), Günter Brus, Susan Cahn, Henri Chopin, Ivor Davies, Ener Donagh, Al Hansen, Juan Hidalgo, Dick Higgins, Alison Knowles, Kurt Kren, John Latham, Raphael Montañez Ortiz, Charlotte Moorman, Otto Muehl, Hermann Nitsch, Yoko Ono, Robin Page, Nam June Paik, Bryant Patterson, Werner Schreib, John Sexton, Graham Stevens, Jean Toche, Wolf Vostell, and Peter Weibel
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
First public Destruction Realizations: Press Conference and Chair Destruction, August 31, St. Bride Institute, London, England
DIAS at Speakers’ Corner, with Ernst Flesichmann, Gustav Metzger, September 3, Hyde Park, London
An Evening with Ralph Ortiz, September 5, Better Books, London
Paper Bag Event, September 12, Conway Hall, Red Lions Street, London
Discussion on DIAS, chaired by John J. Sharkey, with Ivor Davies, Al Hansen, Gustav Metzger, and Jasia Reichardt, September 20, ICA, London
Self-Destruction, September 22, Mercury Theatre, London
DIAS Final Event: Event-Film, with Mark Boyle, John Latham, Yoko Ono, September 30, Mercury Theatre, London
Raúl Escari
Entre en discontinuidad (Enter into Discontinuity)
October 8
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ricardo Carreira
La acción encadenada (Chained Action)
October
Exhibition, Antibienal
Córdoba, Argentina
Eduardo Costa
Recorte de contexto (Slice of Context)
October 15–30
Exhibition, Antibienal
Córdoba, Argentina
Collaborative artists
En el mundo hay sitio para todos (There’s Room in the World for Everyone)
October
Exhibition, Antibienal
Córdoba, Argentina
Marta Minujín
Simultaneidad en simultaneidad (Simultaneity in Simultaneity, aka Three-Country Happening) with Wolf Vostell in Cologne and Allan Kaprow in New York
October 24
Center for Audiovisual Experimentation
Instituto Torcuato Di Tella
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Oscar Masotta
Para Inducir al Espiritu de la Imagen (To Induce the Spirit of the Image)
October 26
Instituto Torcuato Di Tella
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Organizers Oscar Bony, Eduardo Costa, Roberto Jacoby, Leopoldo Maler, Pablo Suárez, and Miguel Angel Telechea, in collaboration with Oscar Masotta
Sobre Happenings (On Happenings, four remakes: one work by Michael Kirby, two works by Claes Oldenburg, including Autobodies,and Carolee Scheemann’s Meat Joy) November
Instituto Torcuato Di Tella
Buenos Aires, Argentina
David Lamelas
Señalamiento de Tres Objetos (Signalling Three Objects)
Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1966; Hyde Park, London; 1968; Slovakia, 1969
Eduardo Costa, Roberto Jacoby and Juan Risuleo
Poemas ilustrados (Illustrated Poems)
Literatura oral (Oral Literature )
Instituto Torcuato Di Tella
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Eduardo Costa (with Juan Risuelo)
Fashion Fiction I (Ears of Gold), 1966–1968
Published in Vogue in 1968 (photographed by Richard Avedon, with Mariano Schiano and Marisa Berenson, models, and Lawrence Alloway’s quotes)
Fashion Fiction I, 1968
Published on the cover of Harper’s Bazaar, ears for collector Lita Hornick, photographed by Hiro, 1969
New York City, U.S.
Felipe Buendía
Intervention
Exhibition opening, Arte Nuevo
Ombligo de Adán, Lima, Per
1967
Riots occur in Spanish Harlem, New York; Detroit, Michigan; Birmingham, Alabama; and other cities.
Che Guevara is killed in Bolivia.
Democratically-elected Uruguayan President Oscar Diego Gestido dies after a few months in office. The Vice-President Jorge Pacheco Areco succeeds the presidency and forms an authoritarian government, suspending civil rights. In reaction, the Tupamaros begin armed struggle.
Six-day war between Israeli and Arab forces.
Roberto Jacoby
Mao y Perón un solo corazón (Mao and Perón: A Single Heart)
March 26
Hippie “Be-In,” Central Park, New York City, U.S.
Alejandro Jodorowsky
Piano destruction
April
Juan López Moctezuma’s television talk show
Mexico City, Mexico
Oscar Masotta
El helicóptero (The Helicopter)
July 16
Instituto Torcuato Di Tella
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Rolando Peña
and The Foundation for the Totality
The Paella-Bicycle-Totality-Crucifixion
September
Home of Waldo Díaz Balart, East Hampton, New York, U.S. Included in Andy Warhol’s **** (Four Stars ), 1967 and The Loves of Ondine, 1968
Ralph Ortiz
Melting Pot
September 29–30
5th Annual New York Avant Garde Festival
J.F. Kennedy Ferry Boat, Whitehall Terminal, Staten Island Ferry, New York, U.S.
Organized by Charlotte Moorman, with Joseph Beuys, George Brecht, John Cage, Al Hansen, Hi Red Center Group, Dick Higgins, Allan Kaprow, Jean-Jacques Lebel, Yoko Ono, Nam June Paik, Ben Patterson, Tomas Schmit, Carolee Schneemann, Jean Toche, Wolf Vostell, Emmett Williams and La Monte Young.
Raphel Ortiz
12 Evenings of Manipulations
October 5–22
Judson Gallery, New York City, U.S.
Organized by John Hendricks, with Malcolm Goldstein, Al Hansen, Bici Forbes Hendricks, Geoffrey Hendricks, Allan Kaprow, Kate Millet, Lil Picard, Steve Rose, Carolee Schneemann, and Jean Toche; Film and performance by Phillip Corner, Takahiko Iimura, Ken Jacobs, Fred Lieberman, Charlotte Moorman, Yoko Ono, Nam June Paik, Tomas Schmit, and Ken Warner.
Raphael Montañez-Ortiz
Henny Penny Piano Destruction Concert with Paper Bag Destruction
Artist’s studio invitational
New York City, U.S.
Juan José Gurrola with Alejandro Jodorowsky
Frailes déjà vu (Friar déjà vu)
Point X to Hotel Tequendama, Bogotá, Colombia
José Luis Cuevas
Mural Efímero (Ephemeral mural)
Billboard on the corner of Génova and Londres Streets, Zona Rosa, Mexico City, Mexico
Lygia Pape
O Ovo (The Egg)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Lygia Clark
Mascaras sensoriais (Sensorial Masks)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Marta Minujín
Minuphone
New York City, U.S.
1968
Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. are assassinated in the U.S.
Chicano students lead "Brown-outs" in Los Angeles aimed at improving school conditions.
May 1969 student protests in Paris and other cities.
During the government of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican military forces detain, torture, and kill over 300 students at the massacre of Tlatelolco.
Peru is run by military governments until 1980 under General Juan Velasco Alvarado and then General Francisco Bermúdez Cerruti.
The dictatorial regime of General Manuel A. Noriega, Panama, begins. Hundreds go into exile, or are detained, or disappeared, until 1989.
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
The Death of White Henny and Black Penny DIAS USA, March 22
Judson Gallery, New York City, U.S.
With Jon Hendricks, Al Hansen, Bici Hendricks, Charlotte Moorman, Hermann Nitsch,
Nam June Paik, and Lil Picard
Destruction Art Group Presents
May 10 –19
Eduardo Ruano
Breaks window displaying poster of U.S. President John F. Kennedy
April 30
Exhibition opening, Premio Ver y Estimar
Museo de Arte Moderno, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marta Minujín
Minucode
4 cocktail parties; Presentation May 27–June 8
Center for Inter-American Relations
New York City, U.S.
Nicolás García Uriburu
1st Coloration (Colorations series, 1968–present)
Grand Canal, Venice, Italy
Exhibition, Biennale di Venezia
Pablo Suárez
Letter to Jorge Romero Brest, May 13
Exhibition, 1968 Experiences, Instituto Torcuato
Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Oscar Bony
La familia obrera (The Working Class Family)
Exhibition, 1968 Experiences, Instituto Torcuato
Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Collaborative artists
Destruction of their work
Exhibition, 1968 Experiences, Instituto Torcuato
Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Federico Manuel Peralta Ramos
Proposes to exhibit a pedigreed bull and sell its semen (rejected)
Exhibition, 1968 Experiences, Instituto Torcuato
Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Juan Pablo Renzi, Norberto Púzzolo, Rodolfo Elizalde, and others
“Assault” on Jorge Romero Brest
July 12
Sala, Amigos del Arte, Rosario, Argentina
Hélio Oiticica (with Antonio Manuel, Lygia Pape, Jackson Ribeiro, Rogerio Duarte, Roberto Lanari, and John Cage, among others)
Apocalipopótese, July 6–28
Exhibition, Arte no Aterro: Um Mês de Arte Pública, Museu de Arte Moderna
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Eduardo Favario
Obra Clausurada (Closed Work)
September 9
Ciclo de Arte Experimental, Rosario, Argentina
Beatriz Balvé, León Ferrari, Roberto Jacoby, Margarita Paska, Pablo Suárez and others
Dying fountains red
September
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Rodolfo Elizalde and Emilio Ghiolini
Street “Fight”
September
Argentina
Graciela Carnevale
Encierro y escape (Confinement and Escape)
October 8
Ciclo de Arte Experimental, Rosario, Argentina
Edgardo Antonio Vigo
Señalamiento no. 1, Manojo de semáforos (Signal Point No.1, Bunch of Traffic Lights)
Manifiesto “Primera no-Presentacion Blanca” (“First White No-Presentation”)
October 25
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Rafael Ferrer
Three Leaf Piece
December 4
29 W. 57 Street
4 E. 77 Street
103 W. 108 Street
Leo Castelli Galleries, New York City, U.S.
Jorge Bonino
Asfixiones o Enunciados (Asfictions or Statements)
Argentina
Jacobo Borges, artistic director
Innocente Palacios, producer
Imagen de Caracas (Image of Caracas)
“Dispositivo Ciudad”
Caracas, Venezuela
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
Piano Destruction Concert
Johnny Carson television show
Orlando Menicucci
Performance with monologue and frame
Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra
Dominican Republic
Federico Manuel Peralta Ramos
Mandamientos gánicos (Feellikeit commandments)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Lygia Pape
Divisor
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Lygia Clark
Oculos sensoriasis (Goggles)
From the Objectos sensoriasis series (Sensorial Objects series)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Lygia Clark
Oeueotu(TheIandtheYou)
From the Roupa-Corpo-Roupa series (Clothing–Body-Clothing series)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Juan Downey
Faites le vous même (Do it Yourself)
Paris, France
Lea Lublin
Fluvio Subtunal (Subterranea flow) and Terranauts
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Felipe Ehrenberg
Por qué pinto cómo pinto (Why I Paint the Way I Do)
Exhibition, Kinekaligráfica, Alameda Central
Galería de la Ciudad de México, Mexico
Edgardo Giménez, Dalila Puzzovio, and Carlos Squirru
Porque son tan geniales? (Why Are We So Great?)
Billboard
Intersection Florida and Viamonte
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Tucumán Arde (Tucumán is burning)
Streets and Confederación General del Trabajo de los Argentinos (CGTA trade union offices)
Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina
1969
Stonewall riots in New York City begin the Gay Rights movement.
War ensues between Honduras and El Salvador.
During Rómulo Bentancourt's last year as president of Venezuela and Raúl Leoni's rule, over 1,000 cases of torture, massacre, disappearances and political assassinations occur.
Samuel Feijóo
Spontaneous actions while speaking on the popular arts, late 1960s
Santa Clara and other locations, Cuba
Eduardo Costa, Hannah Weiner, and John Perreault, organizers
The Fashion Show Poetry Event
With work by James Lee Byars, Enrique Castro-Cid, Allan D’Arcangelo, Rubens Gerchman, Alex Katz, Nicolas Krushenick, Les Levine, Marisol, Claes Oldenberg, Roberto Plate, Alfredo Rodriguez Arias, Juan Stoppani, James Rosenquist, Susana Salgado (Pesce), Sylvia Stone, Marjorie Strider, and Andy Warhol
January 14
Center for Inter-American Relations, New York City, U.S.
Slides and videotape, February 12
St. Mark’s Church, New York City, U.S.
Eduardo Costa
Useful Art Works
Included in Street Works I
Featuring works by Vito Hannibal Acconci, Shusaka Arakawa, Gregory Battcock, Scott Burton, James Lee Byars, Rosemarie Castoro, John Giorno, Bill Creston, Stephen Kaltenbach, Les Levine, Lucy Lippard, Bernadette Mayer, Meridith Monk, Ben Patterson, John Perreault, Marjorie Strider, Mr. T., Anne Waldman, Hannah Weiner)
Saturday, March 15
42nd Street – 52nd Street, Madison to Sixth Avenue, New York City, U.S.
Juan Downey
A Fire Sculpture
May 22
Grand Ballroom, Mayflower Hotel
Washington D.C., U.S.
Raphael Montañez Ortiz
at the request of the New York City Board of Education, conceives of El Museo del Barrio
June
Juan Downey
Invisible Energy Dictates a Dance Concert
August 11, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. and Cinemateque, New York City, U.S., 1970
Rafael Ferrer and Robert Morris
FRARMRRIREEROFIBSEATERLR (Robert Morris, Rafael Ferrer)
September 2
Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez
Puerto Rico
Juan Downey
Boycott Grapes
September 19–21
Lunn Gallery
Washington D.C., U.S.
Gronk (writer and director); starring Cyclona (aka Robert Legoretta)
Caca Roaches Have No Friends
November 1969
Belvedere Park, East Los Angeles
California, U.S.
Jorge Eielson
Nage (Swimming)
Paris, France
Eduardo Costa and John Perreault, editors
Tape Poems, First Publication, 500 copies, (including works by Vito Hannibal Acconci, Michael Benedikt, Scott Burton, Ted Castle & Leadro Katz, John Giorno, Joseph Ceravolo, Dan Graham, Bernadette Mayer, Ann Waldman, Lewis Warsh, Hannah Weiner)
New York City, U.S.
Juan Luis Rodríguez (aka Rodríguez Sibaja)
El Combate (The Fight)
Exhibition, VI Biennale de Paris, France
Antonieta Sosa
Destroys Plataforma II (Platform II)
Early September
Previously exhibited in Siete Objetos Blancos
Ateneo de Caracas, Venezuel
1970
Salvador Allende becomes President of Chile, the first democratically elected socialist to take power in Latin America.
For the first time, Latin America's population is equally distributed between urban and rural areas. The U.S. reached this point in 1920.
U.S. troops invade Cambodia.
Artur Barrio
Trouxas Ensanguentadas: SITUAÇAO (Bloody Bundles: SITUATION, 1968 –1970 )
April 17–21
Municipal Park, Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Exhibition, From the Body to the Earth
Thereza Simões
Stamps including words Dirty, Verboten, Fragile, and Act Silently
April 17–21
Municipal Park, Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Exhibition, From the Body to the Earth
Lee Jaffe
Sugar on dirt road
April 17–21
Municipal Park, Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Exhibition, From the Body to the Earth
Luís Alphonsus Guimarães
Napalm on fifteen-meter banner on grass
April 17–21
Municipal Park, Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Exhibition, From the Body to the Earth
Cildo Meireles
Tiradentes: Totem-Monumento ao Preso Político (Tiradentes: Totem-Monument to the Political Prisoner)
April 21
Municipal Park, Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Exhibition, From the Body to the Earth
Antonio Manuel
Ocorpoéaobra (The Body is the Work)
May
XIX Salão de Arte Moderna
Museu de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rafael Ferrer
Deflected Fountain, for Marcel Duchamp
May Plaza fountain, Philadelphia Museum of Art
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Rafael Ferrer
50 Cakes of Ice
June 30
Exhibition, Information
Museum of Modern Art, New York City, U.S.
Felipe Ehrenberg
A Stroll in July
July, 6 hours
London, England
Clemente Padín
La poesia debe ser hecha por todos (Poetry Should be Made by Everyone)
September 30
Hall, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
Felipe Ehrenberg
A Date with Fate at the Tate (or, Tate Bait)
October 21
The Tate Museum, London, England
Felipe Ehrenberg and the Polygonal Workshop
The 7th Day Chicken
October
Sigi Krauss Gallery, London, England
Felipe Ehrenberg
Tubo-O-Nauts Travels
November, 17 hours and 50 minutes
London, England
Edgardo Antonio Vigo
Señalamiento no. 5, Un paseo visual a la Plaza Rubén Darío (Signal Point No. 5, A Visual Walk through Plaza Rubén Dario )
November 8
Plaza Rubén Dario, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1971
Hugo Banzer takes control in Bolivia through a coup d'état.
Gordon Matta-Clark (performing as George Smudge)
With Juan Downey-filmmaker, Ted Greenwald, and Ginger J. Walker
Fresh Air (Cart), May 1971
Wall Street, New York, U.S.
Cyclona
A Chicano Wedding: The Marriage of María Theresa Conchita and Chingón
June 3
Campus of California State University
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Federico Manuel Peralta Ramos
Letter to the Guggenheim Foundation
June 14
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Asco
Stations of the Cross
December 24
Whittier Boulevard to Goodrich Boulevard
East Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Sigfredo Chacón, Ibrahim Nebreday, and William Stone
El Autobús (The Bus)
Ateneo de Caracas, Venezuela
Leopoldo Maler
Crane Ballet
Camden Festival of Music
London, England
Carlos Ginzburg
Tierra (Earth)
Museo de Arte Moderno Buenos Aires, Argentina
Exhibition, Art in Systems
Papo Colo
The Diploma
New York City, U.S.
Gordon Matta-Clark
Untitled Performance
Exhibition, Projects series
Pier 18, New York City, U.S.
Gordon Matta-Clark
Tree Dance
Vassar College, Poughkeepsie
New York, U.S.
1972
The Watergate scandal begins in Washington D.C., U.S.
U.S. President Richard Nixon visits Mao Zedong and communist China.
Juan María Bordaberry leads a coup d'état in Uruguay and remains until 1985; he represses leftist political forces and incarcerates, tortures, and disappears over 5,000 people.
Eleven Israeli athletes and a policeman are killed by Arab terrorists during the Olympic games in Munich.
Teresa Burga
Autorretrato. Estructura–Informe (Self Portrait: Structure-Report)
June 9
Lima, Peru
Juan Downey and Marta Minujín
Interppening
August
Sculpture Garden, Museum of Modern Art
New York City, U.S.
Víctor Grippo
(with artist Jorge Gamarra and rural worker A. Rossi)
Traditional Rural Oven for Making Bread September, one day
Exhibition, Art and Ideology in CAYC (Centro de Arte y Comunicación)
Plaza Roberto Arlt, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Asco
Walking Mural
December 24
Whittier Boulevard, East Los Angeles
California, U.S.
Asco
Spraypaint LACMA (aka Project Pie in De/Face)
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Federico Manuel Peralta Ramos
El objeto es el sujeto (The Object is the Subject)
Centro de Arte y Comunicación
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marta Minujín
Nicappening
Parke Bernet Gallery, New York City, U.S.
Ana Mendieta
Self Portraits
Facial Cosmetic Variations
Untitled (Death of a Chicken)
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.
Gordon Matta-Clark
Performers hide beneath piles of leaves, then run away
112 Greene Street, New York City, U.S.
Miguel-Angel Cárdenas
Cárdena Reheats the Regulier Canal (Cárdena recalienta el Canal Regulier)
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Miguel-Angel Cárdenas
Cárdena Reheats Mont Blanc (Cárdena recalienta el Monte Blanco)
Yellow Now Gallery, Liege, Belgium
Lygia Clark
Collective Body (1972–1975)
Sorbonne, Paris, France
Luis Díaz
Grabados a la rueda (Wheel Prints)
Eleventh Street and Sixth Avenue, Zona One, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Anna Bella Geiger
Circummambulatio
Rio de Janiero, Brazil
Jorge Eielson
El cuerpo de Giula-no (The Body of Giulia-no )
Biennale di Venezia, Italy
1973
Democratically elected President Salvador Allende of Chile is overthrown and killed by CIA-backed military coup: Augusto Pinochet Ugarte seizes power until 1990, leaving a legacy of abuse. Close to 3,000 people are forced to leave, or are tortured, killed, or disappeared during his regime.
Vietnam war ends with signing peace pacts.
U.S. bombing of Cambodia ends, marking official halt to 12 years of combat activity in Southeast Asia.
Bahamas is given independence.
Juan Downey
Plato Now
January 7
The Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse
New York, U.S.
Antonio Manuel
Exposição de 0 a 24 horas (Exhibition from 0:00 to 24:00)
O Jornal, Arts & Leisure Section
Sunday, July 15
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Proceso Pentágono
José Antonio Hernández Amezcua (with Carlos Finck, Víctor Muñoz, Orlando Mendicutti)
Desaparecido (Disappeared)
July–September
Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico
Exhibition, A nivel informativo (On an Informational Level)
Proceso Pentágono
Carlos Finck (with José Antonio Hernández Amezcua, Víctor Muñoz, Orlando Mendicutti)
El hombre atropellado (The Man That Has Been Run Over)
July–September
Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico
Exhibition, A nivel informativo (On an Informational Level)
Marta Minujín
Kidnappening
August 3–4
Sculpture Garden
Museum of Modern Art, New York City, U.S.
Pedro Terán
Cuerpo de exposición (Exhibition Body)
Caracas, Venezuela
Asco
No-Movies (1973 – ca. 1980)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Carlos Leppe
Happening de Gallinas (Hen Happening)
Santiago, Chile
Ana Mendieta
Untitled (Rape Scene)Clinton Piece, Dead on Street
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.
Ana Mendieta
Imagen de Yagul (first Silueta)
Yagul, Mexico
Lygia Clark
Anthropophagite SlobberCannibalism
Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France
Luis Pazos
Transformaciones de las masas en vivo (Live Transformations of the Masses)
La Plata, Argentina
Felipe Ehrenberg
Display of the artist himself
Exhibition, Artes Chicles, Chocolates y Cacahuates (Gum, Chocolate & Peanut Arts)
Sala Ponce, Palace of Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico
Joaquín Mercado
Installation of a bull
Galería Luigi Marrozzini Old
San Juan, Puerto Rico
1974
U.S. President Richard Nixon resigns.
Isabel Perón serves as Argentina's and Latin America's first female president.
Marta Minujín
Imago Flowing
September 24
Central Park, New York City, U.S.
Ana Mendieta
Untitled (Burial Pyramid)
Yagul, Mexico
Ana Medieta
Untitled (Blood & Feathers)
Untitled (Blood Sign #2 / Body Tracks)
Fall Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.
Juan Downey
Chile sí, junta no (Chile Yes, Military No)
September 11
I.T.T. Headquarters, New York City, U.S.
Diego Barboza
La Caja de Cachicamo (Armadillo’s Box)
October 20
Parque del Este, Caracas, Venezuela
(later shown at Parque San Felipe El Fuerte, San Felipe, Yaracuy State, May 1, 1975; and in a parking lot, Caricuao, Caracas, October 31, 1975)
Juan Downey
The Chilean Flag
Tuesday, November 12
Manhattan Cable Channel D, New York City, U.S.
Asco
First Supper (After a Major Riot)
December 24
Arizona Street at Whittier Boulevard
East Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Asco
Instant Mural
East Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Gordon Matta-Clark
Clockshower
The Clocktower, lower New York City, U.S.
1975
The captial of Vietnam, Saigon, surrenders.
Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge seize Cambodia.
Civil war erupts in Lebanon.
Charlotte Moorman with Claudio Perna
Charlotte Moorman en Tucacas (Charlotte Moorman in Tucacas)
Tucacas, Venezuela Later shown at International Video Festival
June 4
With works by Nam June Paik, Kosugi, Yoko Ono, Roberto Breer, and Joseph Beuys Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas
Venezuela
Marta Minujín
La academia del fracaso (Academy of Failure)
September 26–October 5
Centro de Arte y Comunicación
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ana Mendieta
Alma Silueta en Fuego (Soul Silouette on Fire)
Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.
Asco
Decoy Gang War Victim
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Silvano Lora
La Ruta de Hatuey (Hatuey’s Route)
Sailed from the Dominican Republic to Cuba in small canoe
Alicia Vitteri
Intervention on 20 city buses
Panama City, Panama
Clemente Padín
El artista debe estar al servicio de la comunidad (The Artist Must Serve the Community)
Museu de Arte Contemporâne de São Paulo
Brazil (later shown at the XVI Bienal de
São Paulo, Brazil, 1981
1976
A junta led by the commander of the armed forces, Lieutenant General Jorge Rafael Videla, dissolves the Argentine Congress and institutes Marshall Law and government by decree. The "dirty war" in Argentina begins with the military dictatorship systematically torturing and killing the majority of its prisoners. Until 1983, over 30,000 people are disappeared.
The dictatorships of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay work together in "Operation Condor," in an attempt to eliminate their opponents across borders and with international impunity.
As one act of Condor, Orlando Letelier, a former Chilean Foreign Minister, and his 25-year-old American assistant, Ronni Karpen Moffitt, are killed by a car bombing in Washington D.C.
The "dirty war" in Mexico occurs during Luis Echeverría's and José López Portillo's governments. Military and security forces disappear or kill hundreds of Mexican citizens, leftist supporters, and militants.
Thousands more are tortured or illegally detained in clandestine prisons.
At Uganda's Entebbe airport, 103 hostages held by pro-Palestinian hijackers are freed by Israeli forces.
Ana Mendieta
Anima, Silueta de Cohetes (Soul, Silhouette of Fireworks)
La Ventosa, Mexico
Roberto Evangelista
Mater Dolorosa
Amazon, Brazil
Marta Minujín
Comunicando con tierra (Communicating with Earth)
Machu Picchu, Peru
Manuel Montilla
Metamorbosis
Chiriquí, David, Panama
Papo Colo
Walking Sculpture
West Broadway, New York City, U.S.
Papo Colo
Coronation
West Broadway, New York City, U.S.
Franklin Furnace
is founded, supporting avant-garde art forms, including performance, New York City, U.S
1977
U.S. President Jimmy Carter makes Human Rights a major goal in his Latin American policy.
Gordon Matta-Clark
Jacob’s Ladder
June
Leipzigerstrasse and Melsungerstrasse
Kassel, West Germany
Exhibition, Dokumenta 6
Papo Colo
Superman 51
West Side Highway, New York City
No Grupo
Masks sent to represent the artists
Fall
X Biennale de Paris, France
Tony Labat
Cardinal Humors
San Francisco, California
Carlos Leppe
Scene of the Crime
Santiago, Chile
Claudio Perna
Antonio Mendoza’s salsa band, Chicles (Chewing Gum)
Sound sculpture
Exhibition, Once Tipos (Eleven Guys)
Sala de la Fundación Mendoza
Caracas, Venezuela
1978
Panama Canal treaty is signed.
Jim Jone's followers commit mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana.
Ana Mendieta
La Noche, Yemayá (The Night, Yemayá)
Tuesday, March 21
Franklin Furnace, New York, U.S.
No Grupo
Secuestroplástico (PlasticKidnap) with artist Gunter Gerzo
June 15
Mexico City, Mexico
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
with Rosa Balsera and José Pérez Mesa
Wrapped
Mid-September
Plaza Antonia Martínez, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras
Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
with Rosa Balsera and José Pérez Mesa
Society, (aka Melting Society)
Friday, November 3
Plaza Antonia Martínez, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras
Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
César Trasobares
Non-invitational performance
Museo Cubano de Arte y Cultura, Miami, Florida, U.S.
Exhibition opening, Re-encuentro Cubano (Cuban Re-Encounter)
Tony Labat
(with Mike Osterhout)
Kidnap Attempt
On former artist and political candidate Lowell Darling
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Jorge Eduardo Eielson
Dormir es una obra maestra (To Sleep is a Masterpiece)
Galleria 9, Milan, Italy
1979
Ecuador returns to democracy.
General Humberto Romero takes power in El Salvador. Civil war ensues between Marxist-led insurgents and the U.S.-backed government, which maintains a systematic program of torture, disappearance, and murder.
By 1989 there were approximately 7,000 disappeared.
Sandinista (FSLN) revolution takes power in Nicaragua and forces Samoza family out of rule.
Shah of Iran departs, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini takes over; Iranian militants seize U.S. embassy in Tehran and hold U.S. hostages for 2 years.
Vietnam and Cambodian insurgents announce fall of Cambodian capital Phnom Penh and collapse of Pol Pot regime.
Gustavo Pérez Monzon
Querido Stella (Dear Stella)
January
International Art Center, Havana, Cuba
Exhibition, Festival de la pieza corta
Brisas del Mar, Havana, Cuba
Gory and Raúl de la Nuez
Alfa Tasgolfo
January
International Art Center, Havana, Cuba
Exhibition, Festival de la pieza corta
Brisas del Mar, Havana, Cuba
José Bedia and Flavio Garcandia
Una noche en la opera (A Night at the Opera)
January
International Art Center, Havana, Cuba
Exhibition, Festival de la pieza corta
Brisas del Mar, Havana, Cuba
Ricardo Rodríguez Brey and José Bedia
El pollo canadiense (Canadian Chicken)
January
International Art Center, Havana, Cuba
Exhibition, Festival de la pieza corta
Brisas del Mar, Havana, Cuba
Julio García (Pirosmani)
Materiales de pintura (Painting Materials)
January
International Art Center, Havana, Cuba
Exhibition, Festival de la pieza corta
Brisas del Mar, Havana, Cuba
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
TV Empty, Empty
March 18, 2:00 p.m.
Teatro, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras
CADA
Para no morir de hambre en el arte (So as Not to Die of Hunger in Art)
October 3
Santiago, Chile
Ceilia Vicuña
Vaso de leche vertido en cielo azul (A Glass of Milk Spilled under a Blue Sky)
Quinta de Simon Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia
Eugenio Téllez
Action with milk and text
Toronto City Hall, Canada
Tony Labat
(with Ian Ireland, Mark Hollander and the Units)
West/East
Tuesday, October 16
Franklin Furnace, New York City, U.S.
CADA
Inversión de Escena (Inversion of the Scene)
October 17
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile
Marta Minujín
El Obelisco de Pan Dulce (Panettone Obelisk)
December
Exhibition, II Feria de las Naciones
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Taller de Investigación Plástica (TIP)
El fardo (The Bundle)
Morelia, Mexico
Alfredo Jaar
Studies on Happiness (1979–1981)
Santiago, Chile
Diamela Eltit
Zonas de dolor (Zones of Pain, 1979–1980)
Brothel and vicinity, Maipú Street
Santiago, Chile
Yeni and Nan
Nacimiento (Birth)
Galería Angel Boscán, Caracas, Venezuela
Leandro Soto
Mutante en Avenida 0 (Mutant at Avenue 0)
O Avenue, Cienfuegos, Cuba
Leandro Soto
El hombre y los estrobos (Man and Ropes)
Beach, Cienfuegos, Cuba
Leandro Soto
Ancestros (Ancestors)
Park, Cienfuegos, Cuba
Maris Bustamante
Patente de taco (Taco Patent)
Guillermo Ochoa’s television talk show
Televisa Studios, Mexico City, Mexico
Otto Apuy
Action with paint
Ciento Gallery, Barcelona, Spain
Cildo Meireles
O Sermáo da Montanha: Fiat Lux (The Sermon on the Mount: Let There Be Light)
24 hours (conceived 1973)
Centro Cultural Cândido Mendes, Ipanema Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Juan Castillo
Pointing out our Margins
Santiago, Chile
Lotty Rosenfeld
Initiates her Acciones de arte (Art Actions)
Santiago, Chile
Rolando Peña
The Seven Vanishing Points
Cayman Gallery, New York City, U.S.
Jaime Davidovich
The Live! Show begins (1979–1984)
Presented on Manhattan Cable Channel J
New York City, U.S.
Tony Labat
(with Bruce Pollack)
Bruce and Tony
October 28
On the variety program, The Gong Show
NBC Studios, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Carlos Irizarry
Distributes leaflets threatening to bomb an airplane in protest of Puerto Rico’s political status He receives a six-year U.S. federal prison term for “terrorism;” serves four years.
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Carlos Leppe
1919–1979: La Estrella (The Star)
Galería CAL, Santiago, Chile
Geo Ripley
Pijao
Video-performance
50th anniversary, Museum of Modern Art
New York City, U.S.
Raúl Zurita
Cicatriz en la mejilla (Scar on the Cheek)
Cover of book, Purgatorio (Purgatory)
Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile
Antonio Alvarado
Explanation of empty frames, late 1970s
Mexico
INTAR (International Arts Relations, Inc.)
is founded, one of the longest-running Latino theaters producing in English in the U.S.
New York City, U.S.
Claudio Perna
Lluvia, escultural social (Rain, Social Sculpture)
Sala de la Fundación Mendoza
Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Once Tipos (Eleven Guys)
1980
General Luis García Meza seizes control of the Bolivian government in a coup following fradulent elections
The Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) begins using violent means to overthrow the Peruvian government; guerrilla warfare kills more than 30,000 people.
Three U.S. nuns and lay worker found shot in El Salvador.
Anastasio Somoza Debayle, ousted Nicaraguan ruler, and two aides assassinated in Asunción, Paraguay.
Iraqi troops hold 90 square miles of Iran; 8-year war begins.
Marco Antonio Ettedgui
Higiene Corporal. Mens sana in Corpore Sano (Evento Informal) (Corporal Hygiene: A Sound Mind, A Sound Body; Informal Event)
March 8
Caracas, Venezuela
Unión por la cultura
Dyes Mapocho river red
March 11
Outside Santiago, Chile
Ana Mendieta
Gunpowder piece
Summer
Exhibition, Art Across the Park
Harlem Meer, Central Park, New York City, U.S.
Carlos Zerpa
Cada cual con su propio santo (Each with his own Saint)
Teatro la Campana de Valencia, Valencia, Venezuela
Marco Antonio Ettedgui
Seven performances at Arteología
Araya Lamp Shop, Las Mercedes
Caracas, Venezuela
No Grupo
Montaje de momentos plásticos “La Muerte del Performance” (Staged Artistic Moments: “The Death of Performance”)
Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City, Mexico
Marco Antonio Ettedgui
Feliz Cumpleaños (Happy Birthday)
Exhibition, Indagación de la Imagen
Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
Tony Labat
Black Beans ‘n Rice
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Rolando Peña, Carlos Zerpa, Diego Rísquez and Rubén Nuñez
Annual Avant-Garde Festival
New York City, U.S.
Carlos Leppe
Sala de Espera (Waiting Room)
Galería Sur, Santiago, Chile
Jesusa Rodríguez and Liliana Felipe
Theatre-bar El Cuervo opens
Mexico City, Mexico
Tito Vasconcelos and playwright José Antonio Alcaraz
Y Sin Embargo, Se Mueven (And Nevertheless, They Move)
Mexico City, Mexico
Roberto Obregón
Rose Acción No. 5 Fur Elisa Oder Elisa Nimm Deine Rose (Action No. 5 For Elisa, or, Elisa Take Your Rose)
Caracas, Venezuela
Teowald D’Arago
Infiltrations
Caracas, Venezuela
Yeni and Nan
Integraciones en agua (Integrations in Water)
Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil
Antonieta Sosa
Conversación con Agua Tibia (Conversation with Tepid Water)
With Helena Villaloboas, Alfredo del Mónaco (composer) y Héctor Fuenmayor (artist)
41:00
Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
León Ferrari
Percanta, Sonorous Sculpture; Concerto (performance-sound)
Pinacoteca do Estado, Saõ Paulo, Brazil
Marta Minujín
La Torre de James Joyce en Pan (James Joyce’s Tower in Bread)
Dublin, Ireland
Março
Poema topográfio (Topographic Poem ) Poema urbano (Urban Poem)
Public spaces
Mexico City, Mexico
Joaquín Mercado
Teleinteracto I
Simultaneous video performance
MIT, Vancouver, Tokyo, Vienna, New York
1981
U.S. President Reagan's government secretly directs counter-revolutionary (CONTRA) forces against the Nicaraguan Sandinista government.
Reagan administration strongly supports the Salvadoran military in their fight against the FMLN guerrillas.
Ecuador's border war with Peru erupts, ending with international arbitration.
Under President Policarpo Paz-García, Honduras applies a policy of forced disappearances, in approximately 100 to 150 cases, fearing the alleged aggression of Nicaragua and leftist organizations from El Salvador and Guatemala.
U.S.-Iran agreement frees 52 hostages in Tehran.
AIDS is first identified.
Eugenio Dittborn
Cambio de aceite (Oil Change)
February 4
Tarapacá Desert, Chile
Alfred Wenemoser
Persona a Persona (Person to Person)
March 21
Domo Plaza Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la Plaza
Yeni and Nan
Acción divisoria el espacio (Action Dividing Space)
April 18–19
Domo Plaza Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la Plaza
Carlos Zerpa
(with Enrique Lara and Francisco Palma)
Ceremonia con armas blancas (Ceremony with Sharp-Edged Weapons)
April 19
Plaza, Sala de la Gobernación, Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la plaza;
Later presented at Foro de Arte Contemporáneo, Mexico City;
Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Francisco Narváez, Porlamar, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones en Margarita
Pedro Terán
Nubes para Colombia (Clouds for Colombia), 1980 –1981
May
Museo de Arte Moderno de Medellín
Medellín, Colombia
Exhibition, Primer Coloquio Latinoamericano de Arte No-Objetual;
Later presented Museo de Bellas Artes
Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la plaza 17–18 October;
and Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Francisco Narváez, Porlamar, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones en Margarita
Pedro Terán
Fotografiando Nubes (Photographing Clouds)
May
Museo de Arte Moderno de Medellín
Medellín, Colombia
Exhibition, Primer Coloquio Latinoamericano de Arte No-Objetual
Diego Barboza
Poesía de acción, Pro-Testa (Action Poetry Pro-Test)
June 19, 20, 21
Domo Plaza Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la Plaza
Marco Antonio Ettedgui
Hospitalización por Cálculo Renal (Hospitalization for Kidney Stones)
June 20, 21, 22
Domo Plaza Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la Plaza
CADA
¡Ay, Sudámerica! (Oh! South America)
July 12
Santiago, Chile
Ana Mendieta
Esculturas Rupestres (Rupestrian Sculptures)
July
Jaruco Park, Jaruco, Cuba
Antonieta Sosa
¿Y por qué no? (And Why Not?)
August 22–23
Domo Plaza Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
Exhibition, Acciones frente a la Plaza
Rolando Peña
Petróleo Crudo (Crudo Oil)
Summer
Caracas, Venezuela
5th International Festival of Theater
Antonieta Sosa
Situación llamada casa (Situation Called Home)
Museo de Bellas Artes
Caracas, Venezuela
Yeni y Nan
(a.k.a. Jennifer Hackshaw and Maria Luisa González)
Symbolism on Identity
Reproduced in Franklin Furnace’s Flue, Vol. 3, Issue 2, Spring 1983
Marta Minujín
Carlos Gardel de Fuego (Carlos Gardel on Fire)
Bienal de Medellín, Colombia
Alfred Wenemoser
Ida Pingala I
Festival Internacional de Teatro, Caracas
Venezuela
(later presented 1981 Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil)
Rossana Agois, Wiley Ludeña, Hugo Salazar del Alcázar and Armando Williams
Lima en un árbol (Lima in a Tree)
Intersections of avenues Nicolás de Piérola and Rufino Torrico, Lima, Perú
Diego Rísquez
Bolívar, Sinfonía Tropical (Bolivar, Tropical Symphony)
Orinoko, Nuevo Mundo (Orinoco, New World)
Amerika, Terra Incognita (America, Unknown Territory)
Performative films
Caracas, Venezuela
Pedro Terán
Cuerpo de Premios (Body of Awards)
Salón Michelín, Ateneo Valencia
Valencia, Venezuela
Fernando García
BH/2
Miami, Florida, U.S.
Maria Evelia Marmolejo
Actions with menstrual blood
Galería San Diego and Salones Atenas
Museo de Arte Moderno, Bogotá, Colombia
Carlos Altamirano
Tránsito suspendido (No Through Traffic)
Galería Sur, Santiago, Chile
Antonio Alvarado
(in collaboration with Eduardo Pérez)
Un-Realized Projects
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
Alfredo Jaar
Chile 1981, Antes de Partir (Before Leaving)
Santiago, Chile
Alfredo Jaar
Opus 1981 / Andante Desesperato
Santiago, Chile
Tony Labat
Fight
Terminal Gym and Kezar Pavilion, San Francisco, California, U.S.
Leopoldo Maler
Fuoco, Forno, Forma (Fire, Oven, Form)
Piazza San Marco, Venice, Italy
Maris Bustamante
Porno Show
Mexico City, Mexico
Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Sara-Jo Berman
found group, Poyesis Genética
San Diego, California, U.S
1982
Argentina invades the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, held by Great Britain.
Twelve university students disappear in Bogotá, Colombia under the government of Julio César Turgay Ayala, who institutionalized systematic disappearances for subsequent administrations. During the 1980s, 3,000 militants from the opposition, the Patriotic Union, were kidnapped or disappeared.
No Grupo with Carlos Zerpa
Caliente-Caliente (Hot-Hot)
January 19
Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas San Carlos, Universidad Nacional de Mexico, D.F.
January 21
Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City
Maris Bustamante
Para quitarle a Freud lo macho (To Get Rid of the Macho in Freud)
Mask for the performance, Caliente-Caliente by No Grupo with Carlos Zerpa
January 21
Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City, Mexico
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
Oxido: sueños sobre una cama de hielo (Rust, Dreams on a Bed of Ice)
January 23
Casa Aboy, Santurce, Puerto Rico
Leopoldo Maler
H2Ombre (H2O-Man)
April–May
The Center for Inter-American Relations, New York City, U.S.
Exhibition, Performance Cycle: Leopoldo Maler, Jonier Marin, Toby MacLennan, Rolando Peña, Geo Ripley, Regina Vater
Geo Ripley
Dust You Are Earth and Will Became Man
April–May
The Center for Inter-American Relations, New York City, U.S.
Exhibition, Performance Cycle: Leopoldo Maler, Jonier Marin, Toby MacLennan, Rolando Peña, Geo Ripley, Regina Vater
Juan Loyola
Chatarra (Junk Car)
Spring
Caracas, Venezuela
Marta Minujín
Sets fire to Margaret Thatcher figure
June
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Raúl Zurita
Escrituras en el cielo (Writing in the Sky)
June 2
New York City, U.S.
Papo Colo
Octopus
July 8– August 31
El Museo del Barrio
New York City, U.S.
Alfred Wenemoser
Ida Pingala II
Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil
Fernando García
On the Line
Miami, Florida
Ana Mendieta
Rastros Corporales (Body Tracks)
Thursday, April 8
Franklin Furnace, New York City, U.S.
Grupo al Margen
Campos de luz (Fields of light)
Across Chile
Leopoldo Maler
25 HP
ROSC, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
Geo Ripley (with Rufino de Mingo)
Chorreras rojas sobre fondo azul (Red Streams on a Blue Background)
Escariche, Guadalajara, Spain
Eduardo Costa
Fashion Fiction III (Laminated butterflies)
King, photographer; Shari Belafonte, model
Published in Vogue
New York City, U.S.
Exit Art
is founded by Papo Colo and Jeanette Ingberman in lower Manhattan
1983
Argentina's democracy restored after Raúl Alfonsín's radical party elected.
Reagan orders U.S. forces to invade Grenada to halt Cuban work on airstrip. The U.S. and Barbados, Jamaica and members of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States land ships, defeat Grenadian and Cuban resistance, and overthrow the military government of Hudson Austin.
Chilean Confederation of Copper Workers organize the first national protest, revealing the general dissatisfaction with the Pinochet regime. Protests continue until 1986.
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
The Beach is Nice
13 days, Summer
Santurce, Puerto Rico
Siluetazo (Silhouette Action)
Rodolfo Aguerreberry, Julio Flores, and Guillermo Kexel
September 21
III Marcha de la Resistencia
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marta Minujín
El Partenón de Libros / Homenaje a la Democracia (The Parthenon of Books / Homage to Democracy)
December
Buenos Aires, Argentina
CADA
NO+
Initiated late 1983
Santiago, Chile
Grupo Hexágono
Arte en la Fábrica (Art in the Factory)
Havana, Cuba
Lourdes Grobet
Striptease (1983–1984)
Photo-performance
Mexico City, Mexico
Papo Colo
Against the Current
Bronx River Restoration, New York City, U.S.
Papo Colo
Battle Value
Monogram Products
New York City, U.S.
José Antonio Morales
Performance about mental patients
Exhibition of Artistas Visuales Asociados (AVA) at Alliance Française, Lima, Peru
Jesusa Rodríguez and Liliana Felipe
Theatre cooperative, The Divas, opens
Mexico City, Mexico
Eduardo Costa
Fashion Fiction IV, 1983–1984
Photographed by Scavullo for Harper’s Bazaar
New York City, U.S.
Raúl Zurita
Smoke Poems
New York City skies, U.S.
Merián Soto and Pepón Osorio
Pepatián founded
Bronx, New York City, U.S.
1984
U.S. Congress rebukes President Ronald Reagan for using federal funds to mine Nicaragua's harbors.
José Napoleón Duarte, moderate, is elected President of El Salvador.
300 slain by Indian army during the occupation of the Sikh Golden Temple, Amritsar.
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by 2 Sikh bodyguards; 1,000 are killed in anti-Sikh riots.
Toxic gas leaks from Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, kills 2,000 and injures 150,000.
Papo Colo
VENCEREMOS (We Will Overcome)
January
Political march, New York City, U.S.
Tito Vasconcelos
Mariposas y Maricosas (Butterflies and Queer Things)
September 1984–June 1985
Mexico City, Mexico
Culture Clash founded
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Border Art Workshop Taller de Arte Fronterizo
is founded, originally based at the Centro Cultural de la Raza, Balboa Park, San Diego, California, U.S.
María Teresa Cano
Eating of life-size chocolate body replica
Salón Atenas, Bogotá, Colombia
La Negra
Imaginaria de fusilamiento y muerte en asfalto (Imaginary of Execution and Death on the Pavement)
Intersections, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Geo Ripley
Enigma
Guadalajara, Mexico
Alicia Vitteri
De Carnavales y Funerales (Of Carnivals and Funerals)
Museo de Arte Contemporáneo
Panama City, Panama
Sergio Zevallos and Grupo Chaclacayo
Suburbios (Suburbs)
Lima, Peru
Heidi, Elizabeth, and Rolf Abderhalden
Mapa Teatro founded
Bogotá, Colombia
Maria Teresa Hincapié
Ondina
Theater group, Acto Latino, Bogotá, Colombia
Catalina Parra
Common Grave
Lexington, New York, U.S.
KMAN
Aura Jet Scale Model Flight and Paper Bombing Over Dance Floor
Fire and Ice Club, Miami, Florida, U.S.
1985
Civilian rule returns to Brazil for the first time since 1964.
Colombian terrorists execute 100, including 11 judges.
Raúl Alfonsín's government in Argentina convicted the military junta for human rights violations. Rafael Videla is declared responsible for numerous homicides, 504 counts of illegal deprivation of freedom, and torture.
CADA
Viuda (Widow)
September
Cauce, Hoy, APSI magazines
Santiago, Chile
Antonio Martorell
Mano-plazo
directed by Rosa Luisa Márquez
November 9
Patio, Escuela de Artes Plásticas, San Juan, Puerto Rico
NADA
Metro Rail
Miami, Florida
Metro, Miami, Florida, U.S.
José González Boada
Metro Rail, Miami, Survival Kit
Metro, Miami, Florida, U.S.
NADA
Limonada for NADA (Lemonade for NADA)
Lowe Art Museum, Miami, Florida, U.S.
Tunga
Xipófagas capilares (Capillary Siamese Twins)
1985–present
Rio de Janiero, Brazil
Pepón Osorio and Merián Soto
Cocinando (Cooking)
PS 1, New York City, U.S.
Marta Minujín
Offers Andy Warhol corn cobs to pay off Argentina’s foreign debt
The Factory and the Empire State Building, New York City, U.S.
Antonio Navia
Nubestratos (Stratus clouds)
University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico
Yi-Yoh Robles
Jumps from the Juan Pablo Duarte Bridge to the Ozama River
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Eugenio Dittborn
Begins airmail paintings Santiago, Chile
Liliana Maresca and Ezequiel Furguiele, “Grupo Haga”
Una bufanda para la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (A Scarf for the City of Buenos Aires)
Adriana Indik Gallery
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Manuel Montilla
Espacio Ingelante (In-Freezing Space)
David, Panama
Antonieta Sosa
Del cuerpo al vacío (From the Body to the Void)
I. Danza en un templo griego del siglo XX con sonidos de la ciudad/El Rojo (Dance in a Greek Temple of the 20th Century with Sounds of the City, Red)
II. Pereza/El Negro, (Sloth, Black)
III. Círculo de luz, homenaje a Armando Reverón/El Blanco (Circle of Light, Homage to Armando Reverón, White)
Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
Nela Ochoa
San Joaquin c’est un geste (Saint Joachim is a Gesture)
Paris, France
1986
U.S. Congress begins investigations of the Iran-Contra scandal.
World court rules that U.S. broke international law by mining Nicaragua's waters.
Argentina passes "La Ley del Punto Final", ceasing investigation into human rights abuses and disappearances under the dictatorship.
In Guatemala the government of Vinicio Cerezo begins. Human rights violations and forced disappearances persist.
Haitian President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees to France.
Major nuclear accident occurs at Soviet Union's Chernobyl station.
David Avalos
Donkey Cart
January 4
Federal Courthouse, San Diego, U.S.
Leandro Soto with Juan Luis Morales
Pogolotti-Brecht-Siglo XX, February 22–23
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Havana, Cuba
Border Art Workshop Taller de Arte Fronterizo
End of the Line (Final de la línea), October
Centro Cultural de la Raza, San Diego; U.S. side, end of the border fence where Tijuana and San Diego meet the Pacific Ocean
Sergio Zevallos and Grupo Chaclacayo
La Celda (Cell)
Home in Chaclacayo, Peru
Sergio Zevallos and Grupo Chaclacayo
Detritus, Lima
Chaclacayo, Peru
Teo Freytes
Initiates his actions including Mr. Art, Blind Juror/Blind Critic, Sr. Estetica, Blind Curator/Blind Politician/Blind Artist/Blind Poet, and Dr. Anónimo
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Eugenia Vargas
The series, The Body Works
Mexico City, Mexico
Manuel Mendive
Cuadros Móviles (Moving Pictures)
First Prize, Bienal de La Habana, Cuba
Consuelo Castañeda and Humberto Castro
Penis and Vagina
UNEAC “Art and Sex” panel, Havana, Cuba
Otto Apuy
Índice de resbalosidad (Index of Slipperiness)
Monumento Nacional, San José, Costa Rica
1987
Oliver North, Jr. testifies to U.S. Congress that officials authorized the sale of arms to Iran and the funds were diverted to support the Nicaraguan Contras in the "Iran-Contra" scandal.
President Oscar Arias of Costa Rica wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
Denise Stoklos
Mary Stuart, February
La Mama E.T.C., New York City, U.S.
Polvo de Gallina Negra
Madre por un día (Mother for a Day)
Summer
On the morning show, Nuestro Mundo (Our World) with host Guillermo Ochoa
Televisa Studios
Mexico City, Mexico
Raúl Quintanilla, Aparicio Arthola, Thais Fontenelle
Action with knife and painting
ASCTC Galería, Managua
Exhibition, RATs
Juan Bautista Juárez in response to Raúl Quintanilla
Action with bag of sand and rope
Galería Xavier Kantón, Escuela Nacional de Artes Visuales, Managua, Nicaragua
Exhibition, Me gusta gusta gusta
Alfredo Jaar
A Logo For America
Digital animation on electronic billboard
Times Square, New York City, U.S.
Catalina Parra
USA, Where Liberty is a Statue
Digital animation on electronic billboard
Times Square, New York City, U.S.
Glexis Novoa with Grupo Cívico
Al final todos bailan juntos (In the End, Everyone Dances Together)
Street and Galería L, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
Carlos Rodríguez Cárdenas
Yo no existo, solo mi intención (I Don’t Exist, Only My Intention)
Havana, Cuba
Manongo Mujica
Burning and burying of a violin
Third Bienal Huanchaco Beach, Trujillo, Peru
Geo Ripley
Man Painted in Red (Hombre pintado de rojo)
XIX Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil
María Teresa Hincapié
Parquedades (Paucities)
Bogotá, Colombia
María Teresa Hincapié
Si esto fuera un principio del infinito (If this were a principle of the infinite)
2 days
Teatro Cuba, Bogotá, Colombia
1988
Pan Am 747 explodes from terrorist bomb over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 259 on board and 11 on
the ground.
Grupo Provisional
Rock Campesino (Country Rock)
Arte Calle exhibition opening
Galería L, January 11
Havana, Cuba
Rafael Montañez Ortiz
Years of the Warrior 1960-Years of the Psyche
1988, March 26–May 22
El Museo del Barrio, New York City, U.S.
Richard A. Lou
Border Door (Puerta de la Frontera)
May 28
U.S.-Mexico border, Colonia Roma and Colonia Altamira, Tijuana
León Ferrari
Doves defecating onto dollar bills, to be sent to President Reagan (series begun 1985)
June 4–July 9 Exit Art, New York City, U.S.
Exhibition, The Debt
Ritual Art-De, featuring Juan-Sí González
Ritual–Arte / Cuerpo (Art Ritual / Body), Intersection of Vía blanca y 10 de octubre
Havana, Cuba
originally September 1988; realized again and filmed 1989 by Ritual Art-De
UP Tiempo! Performing & Visual Artists of the Americas
November 4–December 10
Includes: ACT UP (AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power), Chico Alvárez & Nosotros, Al Angeloro, Norma Bessouet, Josely Carvalho, George Cisneros, The Eddie Torres Latin Dance Company, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Gronk, Roberto Juárez, Kajou, Marcos Kurtycz, Willy “Ninja” Leake, Marcelo Llorens, Los Angeles Poverty Department (LAPD), James Luna, Manuel Alum Dance Company, Marisela Norte, Nuyorican Poets’ Café Revisited, Orquesta Broadway, Catalina Parra, Jonas dos Santos, El Salvador Media Project, Manny Vega, and Donald Woods.
El Museo del Barrio, in collaboration with Creative Time, New York City, U.S.
Arístides Ureña Ramos
Action with installation and radio interference
Florence, Italy
Guillermo Gómez-Peña
Border Brujo initiated
Balboa Park, San Diego, California, U.S.
Jorge Eduardo Eielson
El paisaje infinito de la costa del Perú (The Infinite Landscape of Costal Peru)
Centro Cultural de la Municipalidad Miraflores
Lima, Perú
Exhibition, Interrupción
Arte Calle
No queremos intoxicarnos (We don’t want to be intoxicated)
Grupo Provisional
Japan
Unión Nacional de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba, Havana, Cuba
Carlos Rodríguez Cárdenas
Originales fáciles de adquirir (Easy-to-acquire Originals)
Havana, Cuba
Maldito Menéndez
El Indio / The Indian
Grupo Provisional
Very Good Rauschenberg
Press Conference with Robert Rauschenberg for ROCI-Cuba
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Havana, Cuba
Jesúsa Rodríguez and The Divas
El Concilio de amor (The Council of Love)
Mexico City, Mexico
Tania Bruguera
Huella de sangre (Blood Sign, the first of the artist’s remakes of Ana Mendieta’s work)
Fototeca de Cuba, Old Havana, Cuba
Exhibition, No por mucho madrugar
Alonso Mateo
El Eco de Umberto (Umberto’s Eco)
Fototeca de Cuba
Havana, Cuba
Alejandro López
Meta Zero
Casa de Cultura, Plaza, Havana, Cuba
1989
Fall of Berlin wall.
Romanians overthrow their communist government.
End of the Cold War diminishes Latin America's significance in U.S. Foreign Policy.
Students massacred in China's Tiananmen Square, Beijing, while rallying for democracy.
George Bush orders invasion of Panama to capture one-time dictator Manuel Noriega.
Conflict in El Salvador between the armed forces and its death squads and the insurgents of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front. The conflict leaves 70,000 people dead, 7,000 disappeared, a million internally displaced, and 20,000 orphans.
Carlos Andrés Pérez begins his second term as President of Venezuela, marking a period of popular political and economic dissatisfaction. The government violently represses any protest; in 1990, a common grave containing 68 bodies is exhumed.
Arturo Cuenca
Castillo de la Real Fuerza: Ciencia e Ideología (Castle of the Royal Force: Science vs. Ideology)
April–May
Castillo de la Real Fuerza, Havana, Cuba
Escombros
Sutura (Suture)
In the project, The City of Art
Quarry, La Plata, Argentina
María Teresa Hincapié
Punto de fuga (Vanishing Point)
Museo de Arte de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá
María Teresa Hincapié
Vitrina (Shop Window)
Encuentro Latinoamericano de Arte Popular
Bogotá, Colombia
Exhibition, 10 poético cotidiano
Geo Ripley
Ancestor Painted Red (El ancestro con el cuerpo pintado de rojo)
Several locations, including Paris, France; Jarash, Jordan; and London, England
Geo Ripley
Chroma
Guadalajara, Mexico
Yeguas de los Apocalypsis
La conquista de América (The Conquest of America)
Chilean Human Rights Commission Office
Santiago, Chile
Sergio De Loof
Founds Bar Bolivia, and creates satirical fashion shows
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Lázaro Saavedra
Metamorfosis Microbrigada, 1989–1990: Final Action Censored
Havana, Cuba
Alonso Mateo
Hair Grows / Self-portrait (El pelo crece / Autorretrato)
Old Havana, Cuba
Todos Estrellas / All Stars
Juego de pelota (Baseball Game)
La plástica joven se dedica al baseball, por la recreación, la cultura física y el deporte! (Cuban Visual Artists Dedicate Themselves to Baseball, For Recreation, Physical Culture and Sport!)
José Antonio Echeverría Sports Center, Vedado
University of Havana, Cuba
Gas-Tar (Grupo de Artistas Socialistas- Taller de Arte Revolucionario),
later CAPataco (Colectivo de Arte Participativo- Tarifa Común)
A Candle for Chile (Vela x Chile)
Bicycles to China (Bicicletas a la China)
“participatory banners” (“afiches participativos”)
1980s
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1990
Alberto Fujimori becomes President of Peru, remaining until 2000. He flees to Japan when allegations of corruption in his government emerge.
The Sandinista government in Nicaragua is rejected in free and democratic elections.
General Manuel Noriega surrenders in Panama.
In Chile, dictator Augusto Pinochet instates an amnesty decree before leaving Chilean presidential office.
Argentinean President Carlos Saúl Menem indulted the military juntas. However, former dictator Jorge Rafael Videla is imprisoned, then given house arrest, for crimes against humanity.
Nelson Mandela is freed after 27 1/2 years in South African prison.
East and West Germany are reunited.
Salón des Aztecas
La toma del Balmori (Taking Over the Balmori)
March
Colonia Roma, Mexico City, Mexico
Michael Tracy
With Eloy Tarcisio, Eugenia Vargas, Abraham Cruzvillegas, Thomas Glassford, and Alejandro Díaz.
Sacrifice II, 4.13.90: The River Pierce
Friday, April 13
San Ygnacio, Texas at the Río Grande, U.S.-Mexican border
Border Art Workshop Taller de Arte Fronterizo
Border Sutures (Suturas de la frontera), August
2000 miles from Brownsville, Texas to Tijuana
Yeguas del Apocalipsis
Los dos Fridas (The Two Fridas), 3 hours
Galería Bucci, Santiago, Chile
René Francisco Rodríguez, organizer
La Casa Nacional (The National House)
Havana, Cuba
Manuel Montilla
En memoria de Halabja, ciudad de las imágenes silenciosas (In Memory of Halabja, City of Silent Images)
David, Chiriquirí, Panama
Emilio Santisteban
Desatorador (Unclogger)
Streets of Lima, Perú
María Teresa Hincapié
Una Cosa es Una Cosa (A Thing is a Thing)
120 minutes
XXXIII Salón Nacional de Artista, Bogotá, Colombia
Astrid Hadad
Heavy Nopal (Ode to Lucha Reyes)
Mexico
Liliana Felipe & Jesusa Rodríguez
Cielo de abajo: cabaret prehispánico (The Sky Below: Prehispanic Cabaret)
Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Angel Delgado
La esperanza es lo último que se está perdiendo (Hope is the Last Thing That is Dying)
Centro de Desarollo de Artes Visuales, Havana
Exhibition opening, El Objeto Esculturado
(The Sculptural Object)
1991
A U.S.-led coalition successfully expels Iraqi forces from Kuwait in the "Persian Gulf" war.
Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti, is exiled in the U.S. until 1996, due to a military coup by Lt. General Raoul Cedras.
South Africa repeals apartheid laws
Break up of Soviet Union into commonwealth of independent states.
Guillermo Gómez-Peña
1991, A Performance Chronicle (The Rediscovery of America by the Warrior for Gringostroika)
October 15–19 Next Wave Festival, Brooklyn Academy of Music
Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
Nelson Rivera
In Memoriam A.G.M.
November
Evanston, IL, U.S.
Pepón Osorio and Merián Soto
Broken Hearts
Dance Theatre Workshop, New York City, and Colorado Dance Festival, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.
Francis Alÿs
The Collector (1991–1992)
Mexico City, Mexico
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
“Untitled” (Go-Go Dancing Platform)
wood, light bulbs, acrylic paint, and go-go dancer in silver lamée bikini (when installed publicly)
Platform: 21.5 x 72 x 72 inches
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
“Untitled” (Welcome Back Heroes)
Bazooka bubble gum, individually wrapped in red-, white-, and blue-colored paper (endless supply)
Dimensions vary with installation
Ideal weight: 440 lbs
Private Collection, Paris
Liliana Maresca
Ouroboros
Courtyard, Universidad de Buenos Aires
School of Philosophy and Literature
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1992
Former Panamanian leader, Manuel Noriega, is convicted on drug charges in U.S. courts.
Hugo Chávez attempts to overthrow the government of Venezuelan President Carlos Andrés Pérez and, unsuccessful, lands in jail.
Guatemala's Rigoberta Menchú, a Quiche Mayan woman, wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
U.S. forces leave the Philippines, ending nearly a century of military presence.
Yugoslav Federation (Yugoslavia, Serbo-Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Bosnia) breaks up.
Jimmie Durham and Maria Thereza Alves
Action in Mexico, October
Exhibition, Si Colón supiera.... (If Columbus Had Known . . .)
Museo de Monterrey, Monterrery, Mexico
Nao Bustamante
Indigurrito
Theatre Artaud, San Francisco, California, U.S
Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Coco Fusco
Year of the White Bear: Two Undiscovered
Amerindians Visit the West (1992–1994)
Edge ‘92 Festival, London, England and Madrid, Spain;
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, U.S.;
The Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., U.S.;
The Australian Museum of Natural History, Sydney, Australia;
Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.;
Art Gallery, University of California-Irvine, U.S.
Daniel Guzmán and Luis Felipe Ortega
Remake (1992–1995)
Including remakes of Bruce Nauman, Bouncing the Corner (1968), Vito Acconci, Saliva Studies (1971), and Paul McCarthy, Black and White Tapes (1972) Mexico City, Mexico
Nao Bustamante
Rosa does Joan
On the talk show, The Joan Rivers Show
New York City, U.S.
Silvano Lora
La Ruta de Hatuey (Hatuey’s Route): reprise of ca.1975 action
Sailed down the Ozama River in small canoe, shot arrows at the Columbus Lighthouse
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
María Teresa Hincapié
Esta tierra es mi cuerpo (This Earth is my Body)
Exhibition, Ante América, Biblioteca Luis Ángel
Arango, Bogotá, Colombia
María Teresa Hincapié
Tú eres santo (You are Holy)
Museo de Arte Moderno, Bogotá, Colombia
Liliana Maresca
Espacio disponible (Space Available)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marta Chilindron and Eduardo Costa
Touched by Light
Thursday May 7, 8:00–11:00 pm
Broadway to Prince Street, West Broadway to Houston Street, 6th Avenue to Central Park South, 5th Avenue to 8th Street, Broadway to Prince
New York City, U.S.
Richard A. Lou
Headlines: Voices from the Conquered–1992
San Diego, California, U.S.
Richard A. Lou and Robert Sanchez
Los Anthropolocos
1992–present
San Diego, California, U.S.
1993
The World Trade Center in New York City is bombed.
Pablo Escobar, leader of the Medellín drug cartel, is killed by the Colombian police, following years of assassinations of public officials by drug cartels in response to the colombian policy of extraditing drug traffickers to the U.S.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is enacted between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada.
In Puerto Rico, Spanish and English are declared official languages; nearly 49% of voters back continued U.S. Commonwealth status.
The U.S. begins airlifting supplies to Bosnia.
Daniel Joseph Martinez
Museum Tags: Second Movement (Overture con Claque –Overture with Hired Members)
Altered museum admission tags
Whitney Museum of American Art
New York City, U.S.
Exhibition, The Whitney Biennial
Elizabeth Sisco, Louis Hock, David Avalos
Arte Reembolso / Art Rebate
July–September
San Diego, California, U.S.
Border Art Workshop Taller de Arte Fronterizo
Border Boycott / Boicott, (1993, 1996)
San Ysidro Border Crossing, November 21–22
California-Mexico border
Tania Bruguera
Memoria de la postguerra (Memory of the Post-War)
Newspaper, initiated November
Havana, Cuba
Clemente Padín
Kunst = Kapital (Reprise of I Like America and America Likes Me, Joseph Beuys, 1974)
Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales de Montevideo, Uruguay
Liliana Maresca
Maresca se entrega todo destino (Maresca Offers Herself to Destiny)
Photo-performance, shot by Alejandro Kuropatwa and printed in erotic magazine, El Libertino
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Sergio De Loof
Los Harapos de la Realité de la Machine de la Couture (Rags of Reality from the Machine of Couture)
Centro Cultural Recoleta
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Raúl Zurita
Writing on the desert / Escritura en el desierto
Atacama Desert, Chile
Photograph by Chilean Air Force
Alejandro Del Re
Estoy tan triste (I am so sad)
Streets of Santiago, Chile
1994
NAFTA takes effect.
EZLN (Zapatista) revolutionaries launch attacks in Mexico's southern state of Chiapas.
Jean-Bertran Aristide returns to power in Haiti.
IRA declares cease-fire in northern Ireland; shortly thereafter, Ulster Protestants also declare cease-fire.
The genocide of Tutsis by Hutus in Rwanda begins; 800,000 are massacred in 100 days.
Nelson Mandela is elected President of South Africa.
Evelyn Velez-Aguayo
Oh Goya! Goya!
February 11
Franklin Furnace, New York City, U.S.
Grupo SEMEFO
Lavatio Corporis
Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil
Mexico City, Mexico
Adál
El Puerto Rican Passport
Including El Puerto Rican Embassy Manifesto by Rev. Pedro Pietri
Official Passport of El Puerto Rican Embassy - El Spirit Republic de Puerto Rico
Initiated at Kenkeleba House exhibition; first issued to public at El Museo del Barrio, 1996
Carmelita Tropicana
Milk of Amnesia
PS 122, New York City, U.S.
Francis Alÿs
Magnetic Shoes
Bienal de La Habana, Cuba
The Fabulous Nobodies
Yo tengo SIDA (I Have AIDS)
T-shirts
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Maris Bustamante
A Corazón abierto (Open Heart)
NAFTA performances
Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Eduardo Villanes
Proyecto Gloria Evaporada (“Evaporated Glory” Project)
Gallery, School of Fine Arts, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Intervention, wall of Vía Expressa, 1995 March toward Federal Congress, June 23, 1995
Lima, Perú
Freddie Mercado Velázquez
Yagrumo “La Diosa Charca” (Yagrumo, the God of the Pool)
Entre viento, sol y marea (Beween Wind, Sun, and Sea )
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
1995
The Oklahoma City U.S. Federal Building is collapsed by a terrorist car bomb.
Cease-fire in Bosnia.
Israelis and Palestinians transfer West Bank to Arabs.
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin slain by Jewish extremist.
Alejandro Del Re
This is Not América
Oregon, U.S.
Daniel Joseph Martinez
How to Con a Capitalist
Belfast, Ireland
Eduardo Villanes
Identity Transfer
Lima, Perú
Nao Bustamante
America the Beautiful, 1995–1998, 2002
Lima, Peru, Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics Encuentro, organized by Tisch School of the Arts;
Mardi Gras, Sydney, Australia;
Diviasiones, Madrid, Spain;
Body Act, Malmo, Sweden;
Update, Copenhagen, Denmark;
Terreno Peligroso / Danger Zone, University of California, Los Angeles; X-Teresa, Arte Alternativo, Mexico City;
Bay Area Dance Series, Laney College, Oakland, CA;
Fierce Tongues: Women of Fire Festival, Highways, Santa Monica, CA;
Post-Colonial California, San Francisco State University;
1994 A Day Without Art, Southern Exposure;
La Panadería, Mexico City;
Mirror, Mirror, California College of Arts and Crafts, Oakland, CA;
Sor Juana Festival, Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum, Chicago, Illinois;
Junge Hunde, Kampnagel, Hamburg, Germany;
Bimbotown, Liepzig, Germany;
International Festival of Physical Theatre, Jerusalem, Israel;
Diverse Works, Houston, Texas
César Martínez
PerforMANcena
Mexico City, Mexico
María Teresa Hincapié
Hacia lo sagrado (Towards the Sacred)
Bogotá, Colombia
Francis Alÿs
The Leak
São Paulo, Brazil
Ezequiel Suárez
Cada artista que se va es un fragmento que se pierde (Every Artist That Leaves Is a Fragment That Gets Lost)
Espacio Aglutinador, Havana, Cuba
1996
A 747, bound for Paris from New York, explodes over eastern Long Island, crashing into Atlantic Ocean, killing all 230 aboard, for reasons never clarified.
Taliban Muslim fundamentalists capture Afghanistan's capital, Kabul.
Merián Soto
Todos Mis Muertos (All My Dead)
November 1
El Museo del Barrio, New York City, U.S.
GAC (Grupo de Arte Callejero), Etcétera, with HIJOS
Escraches intiated
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Fabio Kacero
Simulated “death” (1996–2001)
Buenos Aires, Argentina and New York City, U.S.
Juan Javier Salazar
Street action
Avenues Javier Prado and Aviación, across from the Museo Nacional, Lima, Peru
Giuliana Migliori
Ensayo de recuperación de moléculas de ADN en hematocitos de rata I (Study of the Recuparation of DNA Hematocites of Rat I)
Taped audio-performance
Lima, Perú
María Teresa Hincapié
Divina proporción (Divine Proportion)
Second prize, XXXVI Salón Nacional de Artistas
Bogotá, Colombia
Luis Alfaro
Cuerpo Politizado (Politicized Body)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
María Elena Escalona
She is a Virgin and She Awaits You
Barcelona, Spain
1997
Hong Kong returns to Chinese rule.
Juan Loyola
Piedras Pintadas (Painted Stones), September
Autopista del Este, Caracas, Venezuela
Elena Tejada-Hererra
Señorita de buena presencia buscando empleo (Good-Looking Woman Seeking Employment)
October 30
Bienal Iberoamericana de arte
Museo de Arte de Lima, Perú
Miguel Calderón and Yoshua Okón
A propósito (Purposefully)
Mexico City, Mexico
Lázaro Saavedra
Caida libre (Free Fall)
Havana, Cuba
Coco Fusco and Nao Bustamante
STUFF! 1997–1998
Corpus Delecti, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London;
Review of Live Arts, Glasgow, Scotland;
Ex-centrics, Vordingborg, Denmark;
Highways, Santa Monica;
Portland Institute of Contemporary Arts, Oregon;
The Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
Otago Polytechnic University, Dunedin, New Zealand;
Art Space, Auckland, New Zealand;
Conscious Chronicles, The Mac, Dallas, Texas;
University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Michigan;
The Western Front, Vancouver BC;
The Painted Bride, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Dixon Place, New York;
Rhode Island School of Design;
Antioch University, Yellow Springs, Ohio
Priscilla Monge
Día sangriento (Bloody Day)
San José, Costa Rica
Carlos Amorales
Amorales v. Amorales
Interior v. Exterior
Mexico City, Mexico
María Fernanda Cardoso
Cardoso Flea Circus
Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Francis Alÿs
Paradox of Praxis 1 (Sometimes Making Something Leads to Nothing)
9 hours
Mexico City, Mexico
Francis Alÿs
Turista (Tourist)
Zócalo, Mexico City, Mexico
Tania Bruguera
The Burden of Guilt (1997–1999)
Bienal de La Habana, Cuba
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
1265 KM
Bienal de La Habana, Cuba
George Emilio Sanchez and Patricia Hoffbauer
The Architecture of Seeing: A Performance Piece for the New Millenium on the Nature of Identity, 1997
New York City, U.S.
Alejandro Del Re
founds PerfoPuerto
Valparaiso, Chile
1998
Augusto Pinochet is detained in London in order to be prosecuted for the deaths of Spanish citizens under the Chilean dictatorship. In response, the Chilean government begins extradition.
More than 10,000 die in Central American hurricane Mitch.
Fighting worsens in Kosovo.
India conducts 3 atomic tests; Pakistan responds with 5.
Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object: 1949–1979
February 8–May 10
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
California, U.S.
Ricardo Dominguez, Carmin Karasic, Brett Stalbaum and Stefan Wray
The Electronic Disturbance Theater (EDT)
April
Internet
Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Roberto Sifuentes, and Sara Shelton Mann
El Mexterminator, June 9–28
El Museo del Barrio, in collaboration with Creative Time
El Museo del Barrio, New York City, U.S.
Francis Alÿs
The Green Line
Jerusalem, Israel
Teresa Margolles
Tarjetas para picar (Cards for Cutting [Cocaine])
Mexico and Colombia
Priscilla Monge
Las lecciones
The Lessons (1998–2000)
Three videos-performances
San José, Costa Rica
Tania Bruguera
Displacement: Embodying a Nkisi Nkonde Icon
Havana, Cuba
Giuliana Migliori
Sub-Lima chocolates
Lima, Peru
Elena Tejada-Hererra
Recuerdo (Memory)
Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Lima, Peru
1999
Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez comes to power.
In Honduras it is estimated that the state disappeared and tortured 1,361 minors.
Panama begins sole operation of the Panama Canal.
Off-target bombs kill a security guard on Vieques, an island of Puerto Rico which contains a U.S. Navy bombing range, triggering large-scale protests.
NATO launches airstrikes on Serbia to end attacks against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.
Russia sends troops to Chechnya as conflict with Islamic militants intensifies.
The Euro initiated as new European currency.
Santiago Sierra
465 Paid People
October
Museo Rufino Tamayo, Sala 7
Mexico City, Mexico
María Elena Gaitán
Adventures of Connie Chancla
1998 Commission, University of California Los Angeles
César Chavez Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Chicanas and Chicanos
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Francis Alÿs
Duet
Venice, Italy
Teresa Margolles
Bathing the Baby, 1999
Entierro (Burial), 1999
Mexico City, Mexico
Cecilia Vicuña
Cloud Net
World Trade Center area, New York City, U.S.
Jesusa Rodríguez
Photo-performance, 5 mitos nacionales según
Jesusa Rodríguez (Five National Myths According to Jesusa Rodríguez)
Magazine, Vice Versa 74
Mexico City, Mexico
Freddie Mercado Velázquez
Reorganizando la casa, “Calle Luna” (Reorganizing the House, “Moon Street”)
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
Susana Torres
Yo no me llamo Juanita (Don’t call me Juanita)
Lima, Perú
Emilio Santisteban
Crisis
Lima, Peru Exhibition, Emergencia artística
Regina José Galindo
El dolor en un pañuelo (The Pain the Handkerchief)
Plaza G&T, Guatemala City, Guatemala
PAI Group project, Sin pelos en la lengua
Jessica Lagunas
The Shadow
Plaza G&T, Guatemala City, Guatemala
PAI Group project, Sin pelos en la lengua
Regina José Galindo
El cielo llora tanto que de debería ser mujer (The Sky Weeps So Much it Should Be a Woman)
Belia de Vico Galería, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Jessica Lagunas
Título de Propiedad (Ownership Title)
Belia de Vico Galería, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Sandra Monterroso
Ave Fénix (Phoenix)
Guatemala City, Guatemala
María Adela Díaz
Poesía salida del pecho (Poetry from the Bosom)
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Exhibition, II Festival of the Historic Center
Regina José Galindo
Lo voy a gritar al viento (I Will Shout it to the Wind)
Post Office Building
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Exhibition, II Festival of the Historic Center
María Adela Díaz
Para la superficie (For the Surface)
Central Park, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
Stain of 55,000 Dots
Newspaper intervention, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
La distancia entre dos puntos (Distance Between Two Points)
Streets, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Border Art Workshop Taller de Arte Fronterizo
Crosses, Zocalo
Mexico City, Mexico
James Bonachea
El artista plástico (Plastic Artist)
Havana, Cuba
2000
Augusto Pinochet is returned to Chile and indicted. However, his case is dismissed for medical reasons, and he dies, unconvicted, before further indictments are brought. Socialist President, Ricardo Lagos is elected.
President Fernando de la Rúa apologizes for Argentina's role in harboring war criminals.
Puerto Rico's first female governor, the PPD's Sila Calderon, elected.
Elián González, a young boy illegally smuggled from Cuba, is returned from Miami to the island.
Israeli troops withdraw from Lebanon after 22 years of occupation.
National uprising overthrows Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosevic.
Colectivo Sociedad Civil
El entierro de la ONPE (The Burial of the National Office of Electoral Processes)
24 hours
April 9
Lima, Peru
Regina José Galindo
Todos estamos muriendo (We Are All Dying)
May
National Auditorium in San José, Costa Rica
Symposium, Central Themes
Colectivo Sociedad Civil
Lava la bandera (Wash the Flag) Fridays, May 24–November 25
Plaza Mayor, Lima, Peru
Allora & Calzadilla
Chalk, June 13, “Museum Mile,” Fifth Avenue
Exhibition, El Museo’s Bienal: The (S) Files
El Museo del Barrio, New York City, U.S.
Francis Alÿs
With Rafael Ortega
Reenactment, 12 minutes, November
Mexico City, Mexico
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
Punto en movimiento (Point in Movement)
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
Linea de 12.000 puntos (Line of 12,000 Dots)
Monterrey, Mexico
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
Action with charcoal in the street
Contexto, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Aníbal López (aka A-1 53167)
The Loan
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Teresa Margolles
Ciudad en espera (City in Hope)
Intervention on the exterior wall of the Guido Fuentes Secondary School
Havana, Cuba
Roberto Jacoby
initiates Venus Project (microsociety and currency)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Tania Bruguera
Untitled (Havana 2000)
Bienal de La Habana, Cuba
Elena Tejada-Herrera
Terreno de Experiencia I (Field of Experience I)
Lima, Peru
Regina José Galindo
Encierros (Enclosures)
Exhibition, Parenthesis
Zoológico La Aurora, Guatemala City Guatemala
Regina José Galindo
No perdemos nada con nacer (We Don’t Lose Anything By Being Born)
City-wide festival, Octubre Azul
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Regina José Galindo
Valium 10
Museo Ixchel Guatemala
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Exhibition, Vivir Aqui
María Adela Díaz
90 minutes with 25,000 fly larvae
Museo Ixchel Guatemala
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Exhibition, Vivir Aqui
Galería DUPP
La Época
La Época Department Store
Havana, Cuba
Grupo Enema
Hielo (Ice), 2000
(reprisal of Marina Abramovic’s The Lips of Thomas, 1975)
Instituto Superior de Arte, Havana, Cuba
Grupo Enema
Amarrados (Tied Up)
(reprisal of Linda Montano and Tehching Hsieh’s The Year of the Rope, 1983–1984)
Instituto Superior de Arte, Havana, Cuba
Gustavo Artigas
Rules of the Game (2000–2001)
La Libertad, Tijuana
Exhibition, InSite 200
